What are the causes for bipolar disorder and their management

A person who has bipolar disorder experiences swings between manic highs and depressive lows and the question bordering our mind is what are the causes for bipolar disorder that can it worse because if you don’t know the cause it very difficult to tackled.

Many bipolar disorder patients lead full and productive lives through proper diagnosis, to know what are the causes for bipolar disorder and management together with treatment.

According to the National Association for Mental Health (NAMI) (https://www.namihealthcareers.org/about-us/facts-and-figures/statistics/), bipolar episodes affects approximately 10 million people in the United States alone. Or around 2.8 percent of the population

Most people get diagnosed with ADHD when they’re between the ages of 2 and 4. However, symptoms can emerge at any time throughout their lives. Males and females are equally affected by ADHD.

Manic-Depressive Disorder

A Mental Disorder Caused by Extreme Emotional Changes

Depression usually causes sadness and loss of enjoyment. Mania usually causes euphoria or irritability. Mood switches can affect your sleeping patterns, levels of activity, judgement, motivation, thought processes, and the ability to perform daily functions.

Mood swings — often referred to as “mood disorders” — are periods of time when someone experiences severe changes in their emotions. Most mood swing sufferers will go through these periods from infrequently (once every few months) to occasionally (a couple of times per year). Some never notice them at

Bipolar disorders are long term conditions but they can be managed effectively with medication and psychotherapy.

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What is bipolar disorder?

Bipolar Disorder can cause changes in energy level, sleep pattern, ability to focus and other factors which may drastically affect people’s behavior, work, and other aspects of their lives the best way to tackle it is to know what are the causes for bipolar disorder.

Mood swings can happen to anyone, but those associated with bipolar disorder are more severe than normal mood swings, and other symptoms may appear. Some can develop psychotic episodes (such as hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia), requiring medical treatment.

During episodes, a patient’s mood may remain relatively constant for months or even longer periods of time, especially if they’re following a treatment plan.

Bipolar disorder can be treated successfully so long as it’s not left untreated for too long. When treating bipolar disorder, it’s important to remember that stopping medications after feeling better could lead to the symptoms returning.

There are some aspects of bipolar disorder that can improve people’s lives. When someone has been manic, for example, they might be talkative, creative, and sociable. However, during the depressed phase of bipolar disorder, these symptoms can worsen.

An elevated mood can last for a short time but won’t necessarily sustain your focus or keep you from falling behind. It could even lead you to lose interest in your task and fail to complete it. As a result, it might be tough to get something done.

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What Are Depressive Symptoms

Depressive Symptoms include:

• Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness
• Loss of pleasure in activities once enjoyed
• Feeling sad most of the day, almost every day
• Losing interest in things you used to enjoy
• Lack of energy
• Trouble concentrating
• Thoughts of death or suicide
• Tiredness or fatigue all the time
• Weight gain or weight loss
• Problems with memory, concentration, or decision making
• Difficulty getting started on tasks
• Poor judgment
• Irritable mood
• Crying spells
• Restlessness
• Agitation
• Inappropriate guilt
• Suicidal thoughts
• Low self esteem
• Sleep problems
• Increased appetite or decreased appetite
• Fatigue
• Psychomotor agitation or retardation
• Decreased
• rapid cycling

Bipolar disorder symptoms

There are several types of bipolar disorder symptoms and related disorders. They can be manic or depressive episodes. Symptoms can result in unpredictability of mood and behaviour resulting in severe difficulties in life.

Bipolar I (or Manic Depression) is characterized by periods of extreme elation, energy, and hyperactivity; severe depression, anxiety, feelings of guilt, aggression, suicidal thoughts, and psychosis.

• Bipolar II Disorder: You’ve had at least two major depressive episodes and at least one hypo­manic (or mania) period.

If you’re suffering from cyclothymic disorder, you’ve probably been experiencing hypomanic episodes for at least two years, if not longer, and/or experienced major depressive episodes.

• Other types. These range from drug-induced mania (such as Bipolar Disorder) to conditions triggered by medical conditions, such as Cushing’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Strokes.

Bipolar II disorder isn’t a mild version of bipolar I disorder; rather, it’s its own unique condition. Individuals suffering from bipolar II disorder may experience depression for longer durations and thus suffer significant impairments.

Bipolar disorder doesn’t necessarily happen during adolescence or early adulthood. It can occur at any age. There are different types of bipolar disorder. Some people experience manic episodes; others have depressive episodes. Symptoms can change over time.

What are bipolar disorder symptoms in females

The bipolar disorder symptoms in females include the following:

• Extremely high levels of activity
• Being easily distracted
• Having trouble sleeping
• Acting irritable
• Becoming very emotional
• Not being able to concentrate
• Thinking about harming yourself
• Talking excessively
• Spending too much money
• Getting into arguments
• Being unable to sleep
• Failing to eat properly
• Experiencing hallucinations

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Episodes of Mania and hypomania

Episodes of mania are different from hypomanic episodes. Manic symptoms are more severe than hypomanic episodes; manic symptoms cause obvious problems at home, at school, and socially; Manic symptoms may trigger a break from reality (a psychotic episode); and they usually need medical intervention. Hypomanic episodes may not be noticed by others, so they’re often easier to live with, but they can sometimes lead to manic episodes.

A manic and hypomanic episodes both involve three or more of these specific signs and/or behaviors:

• Abnormally upbeat, jumpy or wired
• Increased activity, energy or agitation
• Stressful life events
• Euphoria
• Decreased need for sleep
• Unusual talkativeness
• Racing thoughts
• Distractibility
• Poor financial decisions — for example, spending too much, not saving enough or borrowing too much
• impaired judgment
• feeing wired
• Sleeping less than usual but without feeling tired.
• A feeling of being distracted or bored
• missing work or school
• not meeting expectations at work or school
• feeling confident about doing everything well
• Being social and open, sometimes aggressively so
• engaging in risky behavior
• increased libido
• feeling exhilarated or euphoric
• Self-confidence, self-respect, and self-worth
• talking too fast and not listening to what people say
• jumping between topics in conversation
• having rapid thinking, odd ideas, and actions
• refusing to accept that something is wrong

Major depressive episode

Major Depressive Episodes include symptoms that are severe enough that they interfere with activities of daily living, such as work, study, relationships or self care.

• Depressed moods include feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, or tears.
• Marked lack of interest — or even enjoyment — in most things
• A significant drop in body mass index (BMI) when not dieting, an unexpected jump in BMI, or a sudden change in appetite (in children, failing to gain at expected rate can be a symptom of depression)
• Either insomnia or sleeping too much
• Either restlessness or slowed behavior
• Fatigue or loss of energy
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate feelings of guilt.
• Decreased ability to concentrate or focus, or be
• Thinking about, planning or attempting suicide
• a feeling of gloom, despair, and hopelessness
• extreme sadness
• Insomniac symptoms include excessive sleepiness during the day, difficulty falling asleep at
• worry about minor issues.
• non-responsive physical symptoms
• a feeling of shame, which could be misdirected
• eating more or eating less
• weight loss or weight gain
• extreme tiredness, fatigue, and listlessness
• an inability to enjoy things that usually give us pleasure
• difficulty focusing and remembering
• irritability
• If you’re sensitive to sounds, smells, and other physical sensations that most people don’t seem to be aware of, then you might want to learn to control these sensitivities.
• a lack of motivation

Other features of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder signs and symptoms may involve other features, such as anxiety distress, melancholy, psychosis or other mood episodes. They may occur at any time, including during times when they’re not considered “typical” for bipolar disorder. They may come and go throughout the day. It may be difficult to tell if someone has bipolar disorder just by looking at them.

Symptoms in children and teens

Bipolar symptoms may not always be easy to recognize in children and teenagers. They could be caused by stress or trauma, or they could be another sign of an underlying mental health condition other than bipolar.

Young people may experience unique patterns of depression and mania. These patterns often differ from those seen in older people with bipolar disorder. Mood shifts can occur during mood swings. Episodic mood changes may be temporary and not associated with full-blown depression or mania.

Bipolar Disorder in Kids and Teenagers May Be Severe Mood Fluctuations That Differ From Their Usual Mood Cycles.

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Suicide prevention

If you know anyone who might be suicidal or harming themselves or others, call them now!

• If you’re thinking about taking your own life, ask yourself if you really want to live.
• Don’t judge someone until you’ve heard him out.
• If you don’t know where the nearest hospital is or if there’s an urgent medical situation, call 911 or the local police or fire department, or send a message by texting “TALK” to 741741.
• If you stay with the person until professional help comes, you’ll be fine.
• Since you might be carrying something dangerous, try to get rid of it before starting.

During a mental health emergency, call the Suicide Prevention Hotline (988). It’s free! You can also text “TALK” to 741741 for counseling.

Psychosis

If an “up” or “down” mood swing is very intense, the individual may experience psychosis. They might have trouble distinguishing between real life and their imagination.

According to the International Bipolar Foundation, psychosis symptoms during a manic episode include hallucinations, which occur when someone hears or sees something that isn’t really happening. Symptoms of mania include thinking you’re important or having special abilities. Mania may cause delusional thoughts.

During depression, people often feel that they’ve done something wrong, and/or that their life is completely unravelled.

You can treat all these complaints by following an appropriate treatment plan.

Types of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorders can be diagnosed using a variety of criteria from different organizations. Some people use the terms “bipolar” and “manic depressive illness,” whereas others use “bipolar I”, “bipolar II”, and “cyclothymia.”

Bipolar I disorder

For a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder:

• The person must have had at least one manic episode.
• If they’ve previously experienced depression, they may be at risk for depression again.
• A psychiatrist must examine the patient and determine whether there are any underlying conditions that need to be treated first.

Bipolar II disorder

Bipolar II sufferers usually go through periods of hypomania followed by depression.

To diagnose bipolar 2 disorder, a doctor needs to know if a patient has experienced at least one manic episode.

• One or more episodes of major depressive disorder (MDD)
• At least once manic episode
• no other diagnoses to account for her mood swings

People who experience hypomania often feel good and function well, but their emotions won’t be stable, and they may become depressed later.

Many times, when someone thinks they have Bipolar II, they actually have Bipolar I.

Cyclothymia

The NHS in the UK says that Cyclothymic Disorder is similar to Bipolar Disorder, but they classify it different than Bipolar Disorder. It involves hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes, but the mood swings aren’t as extreme.

However, cyclothymic disorders can affect people’s daily lives, and doctors can treat them.

You should always go to a doctor if you’re experiencing any

Bipolar patients often lack insight into their condition and fail to seek adequate help for themselves.

If you’re like some people who suffer from bipolar depression, you might experience periods of euphoria and increased energy levels. However, these high moods are usually followed by intense lows that could lead to financial, legal or personal trouble.

If you’re experiencing any symptom of bipolar disorder, talk to your family physician or psychiatrist for help. Bipolar disorder doesn’t improve on its own; you need treatment from apsychiatrist who has experience treating people with bipolar disorder.

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When to get emergency help

If you’re thinking of hurting yourself, you should definitely seek help immediately by calling 911 or your local crisis hotline; going to an ER; or talking to someone you trust. You can even look up suicide prevention hotlines if you’d prefer not to talk on the phone.

If someone close to you is at risk of committing suicide or has already attempted suicide, call an ambulance immediately or take them to a nearby hospital.

What are the causes for bipolar disorder

The exact causes of bipolar disorder are unknown, but several factors might be involved so what are the causes for bipolar disorder, include the following:

Bipolar Disorder – Biological Changes in Brains

People who have bipolar disorder tend to have an increased risk for developing another mental illness. Scientists are looking into whether there are genetic factors at play here.

Environmental factors: Live event such as death of a loved one, divorce, moving, etc.

Stressful life events: Death of a loved one, loss of job, relationship problems, etc.

Family history: Parents, siblings, children, grandparents, etc.

Genetic factors: Genetic mutations, genes, and gene expression

Biology trait: Research shown that bipolar disorder is linked to certain brain structures and chemicals.

Which hormone causes bipolar disorder

The hormone cause bipolar disorder include the following:

• Dopamine
• Serotonin
• Norepinephrine
• Epinephrine

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to reach cells throughout the body. They control many functions, including our moods.

Some scientists believe that changes in hormones can trigger bipolar disorder. For example, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine all work together to regulate mood. When these chemicals become imbalanced, it can result in symptoms of bipolar disorder.

How a person with bipolar thinks

A person with bipolar disorder may think differently than other people. This is because they experience extreme mood swings.

For instance, when a person with bipolar is feeling depressed, he or she may feel sad, hopeless, guilty, worthless, angry, frustrated, anxious, confused, or afraid.

However, when a person with manic-depressive disorder feels happy, he or she may act impulsively, have grandiose thoughts, and/or behave recklessly.

What happens during a manic episode?

During a manic episode, a person with bipolar experiences unusual behavior, which includes:

• Increased activity level (e.g., spending more time doing things)
• Decreased sleep
• Excessive talking
• Eating too much or too little
• Loss of interest in usual activities
• Feeling unusually happy or excited

What does bipolar disorder mean?

Bipolar disorder means having two distinct mood states (mood cycles) that last for days or weeks. These moods may alternate between mania and depression.

Mood cycle: A period of time when a person experiences a manic episode followed by a depressed episode .

Mania: An elevated, expansive, or irritable mood state. People with bipolar disorder often feel happy and energetic.

Depression: A low mood state characterized by sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, and feelings of guilt or worthlessness.

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Symptoms of bipolar disorder

Symptoms of bipolar disorders vary depending on which type of bipolar disorder you have. Some common symptoms include:

• Maintaining high energy levels
• Feeling unusually optimistic
• Having trouble sleeping
• Being easily distracted
• Acting impulsively
• Excessive spending sprees
• Rapid weight gain or loss
• Mood swings
• Suicidal thoughts
• Substance abuse
• Physical health issues

Risk factors

Factors that increase the likelihood of having an early onset of bipolar disorder or triggering the first manic/hypomanic episodes include:

• With a first degree relative having bipolar disorders, there may be a genetic component to the illness; however,
• With periods of high mental strain, for example, the loss of a loved one or another traumatic event, you may experience symptoms such as headaches, stomach aches, dizziness,
• Medicine or alcohol abuse

Complications

Untreated bipolar disorder can lead to serious health complications that affect every aspect of your daily routine, including finances, family relationships, and job performance.

Problems related to drug and alcohol usage include:

• Suicide or suicide attempts
• Legal or financial problems
• Damaged relationships
• Poor work or school performance

Co-occurring conditions

If you have bipolar disorders, you might have other medical issues that require attention besides just managing bipolar disorders. For example, some medical issues can worsen bipolar disorders or make bipolar disorders treatment less effective. These additional medical issues could include but aren’t limited to:Depressive Disorders (depressed mood, major depressive episode)

• Anxiety disorders
• Eating disorders
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Alcohol or medicine problems

If you suffer from any physical maladies, including heart diseases, thyroid issues, headaches, or obesity, you may be at risk for

Prevention of bipolar disorder

It’s not easy to prevent bipolar disorder, but early detection and proper management can keep bipolar disorder under control.

If you’ve been diagnosed with bipolar, some strategies can be used to prevent minor mood swings from turning into full-blown manic or depressive episodes.

• I’ve identified a pattern to my depressive/manic mood swings. I’m calling my doctor today if I’m feeling depressed or manic again. I’ll also ask my partner to watch out for me.

Avoid using recreational (or illegal) substances. These may trigger an attack and/or increase the severity of your migraine.

Don’t skip doses. Taking your medicine at the right time every day helps prevent side effects. Changing dosing schedules without consulting your doctor could lead to unwanted consequences.

Diagnosis of bipolar disorder

• To determine whether you have bipolar disorder, your psychiatrist might ask questions similar to these:
• Physical examination (a) · Lab test (b) · Medical problem (c)
• Mood Charting. You might be asked to keep a daily log of your moods, sleeping patterns or other symptoms that could help with diagnosis and finding a suitable therapy.
• Your doctor may use symptoms from the DSM-5 to diagnose bipolar disorder. For more information, see our guide “How To Find A Psychiatist.”

Diagnosis in children

Bipolar Disorder usually presents differently in children and adolescents than it does in adult patients. For example, adolescent patients typically have mood swings, whereas adult patients typically have periods of depression.

Children with bipolar disorders often also suffer from other conditions such as ADHD or behavioral issues, making diagnosis more difficult. It’s important for these children to be referred to a child psychologist who has expertise in dealing with bipolar disorders.

Treatment of bipolar disorder

Treatment is most effective when you know what are the causes for bipolar disorder and guided by a physician trained to diagnose and treat bipolar disorder (a neurologist), who is skilled in treating depression and anxiety (an internist). Your treatment program may include a psychologist, social worker, and/or psychiatric disorder nurse.

• Bipolar disorder is an ongoing condition. It requires lifelong management. Depending on your individual needs, treatment may involve medication, therapy, self-help groups, or some combination thereof.
• You may be able to get started by balancing your mood
• If bipolar disorder is not treated, a person may experience a manic episode, depression, or both. Those who don’t seek regular medication could be at greater risk for experiencing these episodes.
• If you’re experiencing depression, your doctor may recommend a short-term (one to three months) outpatient therapy or counseling session.
• Substance abuse treatment. If you have problems with alcohol or drugs, substance use treatment may help you cope better. Otherwise, it can be difficult to treat bipolar effectively without proper medication.
• If you become dangerous, act suicidal, or lose touch with reality, your physician may recommend you be hospitalized. Psychiatric care can aid in stabilizing your mood.

Bipolar disorder treatment includes medication, psychotherapy, education and/or social supports, and may involve others.

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Medications

Bipolar disorder affects millions of people worldwide. It includes depression, mania, hypomania, and mixed states. Medications are often prescribed for treatment. The kind and dosage of medicine prescribed depends on the particular symptom

Medications may include:

• Stimulant medications are used to treat depression. Examples of stimulant
• Antidepressant drugs include fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine(Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), citalopram (Celexa). You might be prescribedthese antidepressants by itself or along with another antidepressant medicine such as bupropion (Wellbutrin) or lamotrigine (Lamictal) for bipolar disorder. Your doctor may add lithium (Eskalith) to treat severe manic episodes.
• The most common antidepressants used for bipolar disorder include:
• Antidepressant – Antipsychotic. The antidepressant Symbyax combines the antidepressant fluoxetine and an antipsychotic called olanzapine (Zyprexa). It helps people who suffer
• Medication for anti­-anxiety sleep aid· .
• Finding the right medication

It’s important to find the right medicine or medicines for you because they may not work well for you. There are several other options to consider if one doesn’t work well for you.

It takes patience; usually only one medication is changed each time your doctor prescribes new meds. Medication adjustments may occur depending on how your symptoms respond.

Side effects

You may experience mild (rarely serious) adverse events when taking antidepressants. Tell your healthcare professional immediately if you experience any of these symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, constipation, trouble sleeping, agitation, confusion, hallucinations, changes in thinking, mood swings, suicidal thoughts or actions, unusual muscle twitching, seizures, increased risk of bleeding, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and palpitations.

Do not make any changes to your current treatment without consulting your healthcare professional. Stopping your medicine suddenly can cause withdrawal symptoms (e.g. headache, nausea, vomiting). Your condition might get worse if you do not take your medicines regularly. Make sure you share with your health care professional any plans you make to quit taking your medication(s) so they can help you stay safe.

Psychotherapy

• Bipolar Disorders Treatment: Psychotherapy is one of the most important parts of treating bipolar disorders. Psychotherapy for Bipolar Disorder: It may be an individual therapy or a group therapy. There are several different types of psychotherapies available for patients who suffer from bipolar disorder. These range from individual therapies to group therapies.
• Interpersonal and Social Rhythms Therapies (IPSRTs) focus on the stabilization of daily routines, including eating, sleeping, and exercising. These therapies help people with Bipolar Disorder regulate their emotions and behavior. People who live with bipolar disorder often experience poor energy levels, irritability and restlessness. They also struggle to maintain healthy relationships and find work difficult.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Knowing what’s happening can be helpful for both people who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorders and their families.
• Family support and communication can be helpful for people who suffer from bipolar disorder. It can also be beneficial for their families.

Other treatment options

If you need additional help for your depression, other treatment options might include medications, counseling, psychotherapy, and/or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used to treat depression since 1938, but recent studies suggest that it might be effective for treating people who have not responded to other treatments and cannot tolerate antidepressant medication. ECT may be considered when patients fail to respond to appropriate doses of multiple antidepressants and are at increased risks of suicide.

TMS is being investigated as an alternative treatment for people who don’t respond to antidepressant medication.

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Treatment in children and teenagers

• Depending on symptoms, treatments include things like:
• Medication for children and adolescents with bipolar disorders is usually determined by looking at studies done on adults with similar conditions. There isn’t as much information available about treating kids, so doctors may use adult trials when making treatment plans.
• Working with educators and counselors and encouraging support from parents and friends can help identify resources for students who need extra help.

Lifestyle and home remedies

• Changes to your daily routine may be required to stop cyclical behaviors that worsen your bipolar disorder.
• Quit
• Create a healthy routine. Having a consistent daily schedule helps keep your mind clear and focused. Make sure to include enough sleep (7-9 hours) to avoid feeling tired during the day. Eat a balanced diet and drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Try exercising regularly and find something you enjoy doing. Keep these tips in mind if you feel depressed.
• Check first if there is anything else you need to know about these drugs before starting treatment. Call your doctor first if you’re using any other medication for bipolar disorder.
• Consider making a list of everything that affects your mental health and keep track of these things by writing them down every day. You might want to include any symptoms you experience, medications/therapies you take, changes in sleeping patterns, etc. Doing so may allow you to identify potential causes for your depression

Alternative medicine

• There isn’t much evidence on whether alternative or complementary medicine works for bipolar disorder. Most of our knowledge comes from trials on major depression. It’s not clear if the same methods would be effective for managing major depression and bipolar disorder.
• You should always be careful when using alternative or complementary medicines in addition to conventional treatments.
• Don’t stop taking your prescribed medication or skip therapy sessions. If you take any alternative or complementary medicines, they must be used alongside your regular treatment plan. They aren’t a replacement for regular medical treatment.
• Be honest with your doctors and mental healthcare providers. Let them know what alternative or complementary therapies you’re using or want to try.

Coping and support

Bipolar disorder can be difficult to deal with. These tips may be helpful.

Help education about your condition by empowering yourself and motivating yourself.

Keep focused on your goals. It takes time to learn how to handle bipolardisorders. Remind yourself that you can fix the damage done to your relationships and other problems related to your bipolar disorders.

Join a Bipolar Depression Group; Your local community may be ableto provide an organized way for you to meet other adults who are living with bipolar depression.

To be healthy, explore ways to spend time doing things that help you stay fit and healthy. These might include sports, hobbies, and recreational activities.

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Outlook

Bipolar disorder is a relatively common but severe form of depression. It involves major swings in emotions, energy level (or activity), and interest level to find the solution to it you have know what are the causes for bipolar disorder.

Treatment for OCD can be extremely disruptive, but effective treatment can vastly improve the outlook.

Treatment may not completely cure depression, but having a professional help you treat your condition effectively can improve your quality of living, and minimize the effects of depression.

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